What Student Will Learn

Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms

Chapter-1: The Living World

Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics;

concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature

Chapter-2: Biological Classification

Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and

Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom

Classification of plants into major groups; Salient and distinguishing features and a few

examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiosperms.

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and

chordates upto class level (salient features and at a few examples of each category).

(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)

Unit-II Structural Organization in Plants and Animals

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower,

fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory,

nervous and reproductive) of frog.

Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function

Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells;

Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure

and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes,

vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,

centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

Chapter-9: Biomolecules

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins,

carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids; Enzyme - types, properties, enzyme action.

(Topics excluded: Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer, Dynamic State of Body

Constituents Concept of Metabolism, Metabolic Basis of Living, The Living State)

Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Unit-IV Plant Physiology

Chapter-11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments

involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of

photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis;

photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter-12: Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle

and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules

generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Chapter-13: Plant - Growth and Development

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth;

differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental

processes in a plant cell; plant growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene,

ABA.

Unit-V Human Physiology

Chapter-14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of

breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and

regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma,

emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

Chapter-15: Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its

function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac

cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of

circulatory system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Chapter-16: Excretory Products and their Elimination

Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system –

structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function -

renin - angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other

organs in excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and

artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

Chapter-17: Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement - ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and

muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and

skeletal systems - myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis,

gout.

Chapter-18: Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral

nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse

Chapter- 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary,

pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action

(elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and

hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic

goitre, diabetes, Addison's disease.